Style and format: Manuscripts should be 1.5 line spacing with 2cm margins on all sides of the page, in Times New Roman font (font size 10). Every page of the manuscript, including the title page, references, tables, etc., should be numbered. Style and format: Manuscripts should be 1.5 line spacing with 2cm margins on all sides of the page, in Times New Roman font (font size 10). Every page of the manuscript, including the title page, references, tables, etc., should be numbered. Manuscripts should be written in English. Contributors who are not native English speakers are strongly advised to ensure that a colleague fluent in the English language or a professional language editor has reviewed their manuscript. Concise English without jargon should be used. Repetitive use of long sentences and passive voice should be avoided. It is strongly recommended that the text be run through computer spelling and grammar programs. Either British or American spelling is acceptable but must be consistent throughout.

Prepare a concise statement of the aims of the research, the work carried out, and the conclusions. The abstract must be self-contained. Do not include general or background information, which should appear in the introduction; abbreviations; or references. Include keywords from the title and for the subject area to improve online searching.

Include keywords for indexing and online searching. Keywords should describe the content of the article and include key phrases for the subject area. Avoid general terms.

Provide a list of symbols, where appropriate, if helpful to the reader.

Integrate a summary of current knowledge including a literature survey of previous work in the field, together with a statement of the aims and motivation of the present work.

here appropriate, describe methods employed in sufficient detail to allow others to repeat the work. If a detailed description is given in a reference, readers must be able to grasp the principles of the method without referring elsewhere. Full details must be given of materials and equipment used.

Present results together or as separate sections. Authors must critically discuss and interpret the results, not merely describe the findings. Figures should be used to explain the findings but try not to duplicate information given in tables and figures. Additional information may be provided as supplementary data. Include standard errors or error bars whenever relevant.

give a concise summary of the research. The conclusions must not contain information that does not appear elsewhere in the manuscript.

Provide details of individuals and institutions who have contributed and information required by funding bodies, etc. The acknowledgements may also include copyright information that is too extensive to include elsewhere, and other information (such as the fact that the manuscript is based on a lecture or conference presentation).

Citations in the text should be identified by numbers in square brackets. The list of references at the end of the paper should be given in order of their first appearance in the text. All authors should be included in reference lists unless there are 10 or more, in which case only the first 10 should be given, followed by ‘et al.’. Do not use individual sets of square brackets for citation numbers that appear together, e.g., [2,3,5–9], not [2], [3], [5]–[9]. Do not include personal communications, unpublished data, websites, or other unpublished materials as references, although such material may be inserted (in parentheses) in the text. In the case of publications in languages other than English, the published English title should be provided if one exists, with an annotation such as “(article in Turkish with an abstract in English)”. If the publication was not published with an English title, cite the original title only; do not provide a self-translation.